Which type of explanation is generally associated with 'why' questions regarding behavior?

The ultimate explanation is associated with 'why' questions regarding behavior because it seeks to understand the evolutionary significance behind a particular behavior. These explanations consider the fitness advantages that a behavior might confer, the historical context of its development, and how it contributes to reproductive success. For example, asking why a species migrates would lead to an ultimate explanation focusing on the survival benefits gained from finding food or avoiding harsh conditions.

Conversely, proximate explanations might address the immediate mechanisms and causes behind a behavior, such as hormonal changes or neural processes, which explain how a behavior occurs rather than why it evolved. These different approaches highlight the distinction between immediate causes and broader evolutionary reasons, underscoring the importance of understanding both aspects when studying animal behavior.