Which of the following terms refers to the observable traits that are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors?

The term that refers to observable traits influenced by both genetic and environmental factors is "phenotype." This concept encompasses all the physical, biochemical, and behavioral characteristics of an organism that can be observed or measured. The phenotype is the result of the interaction between the genotype (the genetic makeup of an organism) and the environment in which the organism develops.

For example, two plants with the same genetic makeup (genoype) might grow differently based on factors such as sunlight, water availability, and soil quality. This illustrates how the environment can shape the observable traits of organisms. Additionally, phenotype can include variations in traits that arise due to environmental pressures and experiences, further emphasizing the intricate relationship between genetics and environmental influences.

By contrast, genotype refers specifically to the genetic constitution of an organism, heritability measures how much of the variation in a trait can be attributed to genetic differences, and alleles are different forms of a gene. Understanding the concept of phenotype is crucial for studying animal behavior, as it provides insight into how traits may vary not just due to genetics but also because of environmental factors.