Which of the following is NOT a step in ethogram design?

Formulating a hypothesis before observing is not a step in ethogram design because the primary goal of creating an ethogram is to systematically document and describe behaviors without preconceived notions or expectations. An ethogram is a comprehensive catalog of all the behaviors exhibited by a species, and it serves as a foundational tool for behavior analysis. It is constructed based on direct observations, rather than being driven by specific hypotheses.

In contrast, selecting a location for observation, conducting a literature survey, and identifying and observing a focal individual are essential steps in ethogram design. Selecting a location ensures that the behaviors being studied occur in a suitable environment where they can be effectively observed and recorded. Conducting a literature survey helps researchers understand existing knowledge about the species and informs their observations. Identifying and observing a focal individual is critical to ensure that the behaviors documented are attributed to specific subjects, providing clarity and accuracy in the ethogram.