What role do hormones play in influencing animal behavior?

Hormones play a critical role in influencing various aspects of animal behavior, as highlighted by the correct choice. They are biochemical messengers that affect a wide range of physiological processes and behaviors. For example, hormones like cortisol are involved in the regulation of stress responses, influencing how an animal reacts to threats or changes in their environment. Similarly, reproductive hormones such as testosterone and estrogen orchestrate mating behaviors, facilitating reproduction by preparing individuals for courtship and mating scenes.

In addition, hormonal influences can dictate seasonal activities, such as migration and hibernation, guiding animals to respond to changes in the environment that coincide with different times of the year. This multifaceted impact demonstrates that hormones are not limited to a narrow scope of behaviors but rather encompass vital functions that help animals adapt and respond to their surroundings, ensuring survival and reproduction.