What is sexual selection in animal behavior?

Sexual selection in animal behavior refers to the process by which certain traits increase an individual's chances of attracting a mate and successfully reproducing, often through mate preferences based on those traits. This concept was first introduced by Charles Darwin and highlights how certain characteristics, which may not necessarily contribute directly to survival, can evolve because they give individuals an advantage in finding mates. For instance, bright feathers or elaborate courtship displays can signal an individual’s health and genetic fitness to potential partners, thus influencing mate choice.

This type of selection is distinct from natural selection, which is focused on traits that enhance survival in the environment. Instead, sexual selection emphasizes the role of mate choice and competition among individuals of the same sex, ultimately shaping the behaviors and physical attributes associated with reproduction.