What advantage does the ‘selfish herd’ theory provide to group-living animals?

The 'selfish herd' theory suggests that individuals in a group can reduce their risk of predation by positioning themselves in a way that utilizes the presence of others as a shield against potential predators. In this context, animals in a group can minimize their personal exposure to danger by staying close to their companions.

When an individual takes advantage of the grouping behavior, it often positions itself towards the center of the herd, thereby increasing the distance between itself and the edge of the formation, which is where predators are more likely to attack. This formation allows individuals to take advantage of the greater number of potential targets (the other group members) that a predator must consider. As a result, the likelihood of being singled out by a predator declines, ultimately contributing to lower mortality rates in group-living species.

This concept highlights how group living is not simply about collective benefits but also stems from individual survival strategies, demonstrating a balance between personal interests and communal advantages.